This is my first semester term paper (co-authored with Katie Varland): bounce.pdf. It’s about water drops bouncing off hydrophobic surfaces. Yes, the premise sounds cool, and the shots we made with a high-speed camera are fascinating. The paper itself is descriptive rather than analytical, but an interesting boundary has been observed between a “splashing region” and a “bouncing region”: one where the drop stays in one piece, barely avoiding being split into small droplets, while most of its energy is converted into turbulent motion, thus leaving very little energy to bounce. Still frames to see towards the end of the paper!
Images in LaTeX
- Problem:
- you can’t get those images to appear in a typeset document.
- Cause:
- [code]]czo4OlwicGRmbGF0ZXhcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code] and [code]]czo1OlwibGF0ZXhcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code] have virtually no graphic drivers in common. For instance, [code]]czo4OlwicGRmbGF0ZXhcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code] can't handle eps files.
- Solution:
- I converted my eps files to pdf using a thing called [code]]czo4OlwiZXBzdG9wZGZcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code], which is included in latex distributions, and [code]]czo4OlwicGRmbGF0ZXhcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code] handled those pdf graphs perfectly, so that the output was identical to that of eps with [code]]czo1OlwibGF0ZXhcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code].
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Diplomski rad
Nakon možda ne tako dugog, ali vrlo intenzivnog rada, gotov je i diplomski rad, pod naslovom "Solitonska rješenja Korteweg-de Vries jednačine". Hvala mom mentoru, Kenanu Surulizu, bez kojeg teško da bi ovo sve skupa prošlo tako glatko.
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Kvantni Hallov efekt
Završio sam seminarski rad o kvantnom Hallovom efektu. Prilično sam zadovoljan kako je ispao, iako sam prvobitno namjeravao da dio o Laughlinovom teorijskom objašnjenju bude centralni dio rada. Međutim, pošto sam želio da rad bude razumljiv što većem krugu, previše vremena i prostora je oduzeo uvodni dio, tako da je Laughlinov rad o IQHE tek spomenut. Ipak, mislim da je baš ovakav rad korisniji, jer s tim što objašnjava osnovne pojmove nužne za razumijevanje kvantnog Hallovog efekta, i uz opsežnu listu literature na kraju (gotovo sve dostupno na Internetu), pomaže i daje mogućnost čitaocu da sam pročita i razumije izvorne članke o ovoj pojavi.
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Pitanja i odgovori o web standardima
- Šta je World Wide Web?
-
World Wide Web (u slobodnom prevodu Svjetska mreža) je medij za razmjenu informacija putem Interneta.
- Šta je World Wide Web Consortium?
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World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) je regulatorno tijelo za standarde web tehnologija. Njegov prvi i sadašnji direktor je izumitelj Weba (zajedno sa Robertom Cailliauom), Tim Berners-Lee.
- Zašto će nam standardi?
-
Kako bi Web ispunjavao svoju svrhu, sve aplikacije moraju koristiti zajednički jezik (bilo da se radi o HTML-u, XHTML-u, XML-u ili CSS-u). Kada bi svaki browser koristio sopstveni jezik, danas ne bismo imali jedan World Wide Web, već Internet Explorer Web, Netscape Web, Opera Web itd.
- Zašto neki browseri ne podržavaju adekvatno W3C standarde?
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Tokom godina kada se par korporacija borilo za tržište browsera, one su se usredotočile na dodavanje novih mogućnosti i uvođenje dodatnih sopstvenih standarda pored osnovnog skupa W3C standarda, umjesto da striktno primjenjuju sve W3C preporuke. Vrhunac ove ere je generacija 4 Internet Explorera i Netscape Navigatora. U mnogim slučajevima, ova dva browsera su prikazivali istu stranicu na vrlo različite načine. Na sreću, ta vremena su iza nas i ovi browseri se danas vrlo rijetko sreću.
- Šta je CSS?
-
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) je tehnologija koja je evoluirala nakon HTML-a (ali ipak dosta davno). To je moćan alat za layout (prikaz stranice), koji omogućava ne samo da se podesi veličina i boja slova, već i da se pozicioniraju blokovi na stranici i da se riješe i svi drugi aspekti dizajna.
Prije CSS-a, web dizajneri su morali naveliko koristiti HTML [code]]czoxMzpcIiZsdDt0YWJsZSZndDtcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code] elemente, ugnježđujući ih jedne unutar drugih kako bi postigli ono što su zamislili. (Ovo nije bila prvobitna namjena [code]]czo1OlwidGFibGVcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code] elementa kako su je zamislili tvorci HTML-a.) Takav pristup rezultira u mnoštvu suvišnog koda i stranicama koje su prilagođene samo za prikaz na ekranu.
Sa CSS-om, moguće je potpuno razdvojiti sadržaj i layout. Tako, sama HTML (ili XHTML, ili XML) stranica sadrži samo čisti sadržaj, kojeg mogu, ako se pravilno strukturira, lako čitati mnogi drugi uređaji, kao što su dlanovnici (handheld devices) ili aplikacije za slabovidne osobe. Poseban CSS fajl - stylesheet - se brine o svom raspoređivanju i izgledu ovog sadržaja na stranici. CSS fajlovi mogu čak i ciljati specifične medije, tako da je moguće imati posebne stylesheet-e za ekran, štampanje, dlanovnike kao i druge medije.
Jednu impresivnu demonstracija kako različiti CSS stylesheets mogu prikazati jednu te istu HTML stranicu (sadržaj) na potpuno različite načine (prikazi) možete vidjeti na CSS Zen Garden-u.
- Zašto stariji browseri ne podržavaju CSS u potpunosti?
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Nažalost, dugo vremena je trebalo browserima da počnu ozbiljno implementirati CSS. Podrška browsera za CSS je tek u zadnjih par godina dovoljno raširena da web dizajneri mogu da ga koriste za kompletan layout stranice.
- Koji su browseri "standards compliant" (koji se drže standarda)?
-
Browseri koji dovoljno podržavaju CSS da bi se sajtovi zasnovani na CSS-u u njima prikazivali na odgovarajući način, i koji imaju prihvatljiv nivo pridržavanja drugih W3C standarda uključuju sljedeće:
- Mozilla Firefox (sve platforme), Netscape v7 ili novija verzija (sve platforme), Camino (Mac OS X), Galeon (Linux GNOME Desktop) i drugi browseri u okviru Mozilla.org projekta.
- Opera v7 ili novija verzija (Windows, Linux)
- Apple Safari (Mac OS X)
- Konqueror (Linux KDE Desktop)
- Microsoft Internet Explorer v6 ili novija verzija (Windows) i v5 ili novija verzija (Macintosh)
(Ova lista nije isključiva. Internet Explorer je svjesno stavljen na zadnje mjesto zbog notornog broja bagova i nedostatka podrške za naprednije CSS mogućnosti.)
- Zašto sajt ne može biti kompatibilan sa svim browserima i svim verzijama?
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Dok se stranica sa jednostavnom strukturom može prikazati gotovo identično u svim browserima i svim verzijama, to postaje nemoguće kada izgled dostigne određeni nivo kompleksnosti.
Rješenje koje su primjenjivali web dizajneri za vrijeme rata između Internet Explorera 4 i Netscape Navigatora 4 bilo je da se pravi jedna verzija sajta prilagođena jednom browseru, i druga prilagođena drugom. Danas, kada su W3C standardi povratili autoritativnost koja im prirodno pripada, web dizajnerima se takva praksa više ne preporučuje. Umjesto toga, oni bi trebali da osiguraju saglasnost njihovih stranica sa standardima, dok proizvođači browsera trebaju da implementiraju te standarde u svojim aplikacijama - to je upravo ljepota standarda!
Problem je u starijim browserima, koji se više ne razvijaju i kojima je obustavljena podrška proizvođača. Ali to je cijena koja se mora platiti u bilo kojoj evoluciji. To je bio motiv koji je pokrenuo Browser Upgrade kampanju, koja je bila najaktivnija prije par godina.
Treba ipak istaći da, kod sajtova kod kojih je razdvajanje sadržaja i layouta izvedeno u potpunosti, kao što je slučaj i sa ovim sajtom, kada se ukine stylesheet, sajt ostaje savršeno upotrebljiv u starijim browserima koji ne podržavaju CSS. Zbog toga, ako gledate ovaj sajt sa browserom koji ne podržava standarde, onda vidite pojednostavljeni izgled koji je kompatibilan sa svim postojećim browserima, uključujući i tekstualne browsere.
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Web Standards FAQ
- What is the World Wide Web?
-
The World Wide Web is a medium designed for sharing information over the Internet.
- What is the World Wide Web Consortium?
-
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the regulatory body for web technology standards. Its first and present director is the inventor of the Web (together with Robert Cailliau), Tim Berners-Lee.
- Why do we need standards?
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In order for the Web to fulfill its purpose, all applications must use a common language (whether it is HTML, XHTML, XML or CSS). If every browser used its own language, we would in fact not have one World Wide Web, but an Internet Explorer Web, a Netscape Web, an Opera Web etc.
- Why don’t some browsers adequately support W3C standards?
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During the years when a few corporations were fighting for the browser market, they were focused on adding new features and introducing additional standards of their own to a basic set of W3C standards, rather than on following closely all W3C recommendations. The peak of this era was the generation 4 of Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator browsers. In many cases, these two browsers displayed a same page in very different ways. Fortunately, these times are behind us and these browsers are very rarely seen today.
- What is CSS?
-
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a technology that evolved after HTML (but still a long time ago). It is a powerful layout tool, which allows not only to set the text size and color, but also to position blocks on the page and take care of all other aspects of design.
Before CSS, web designers had to use extensively HTML [code]]czoxMzpcIiZsdDt0YWJsZSZndDtcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code]s, nesting them one inside another in order to achieve the layout they had in mind. (This was not the initial prupose of the [code]]czo1OlwidGFibGVcIjt7WyYqJl19[[/code] element that HTML creators had in mind.) Such an approach results in a lot of redundant code and pages adapted only to screen view.
With CSS, a complete separation of content and layout is possible. Thus, the HTML (or XHTML, or XML) page itself contains only pure content, which, if properly structured, can be easily read by many other devices, such as handheld devices and applications for visually impaired persons. A separate CSS file - the stylesheet - takes care of all the layout of this content on the page. CSS files can even target specific media, so that it is possible to have separate stylesheets for screen, print, handheld and other media as well.
For an impressive demonstration of how different CSS stylesheets can display one and the same HTML page (content) in different ways (layouts), see the CSS Zen Garden.
- Why don't older browsers fully support CSS?
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Sadly, it took a long time for browsers to start implementing CSS seriously. In fact, browser support for CSS has been sufficient for developers to start using it properly for complete page layout only in the past few years.
- Which browsers are "standards compliant"?
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Browsers that support CSS sufficiently for CSS-based sites to be displayed properly, and which comply with other W3C standards to an acceptable degree include the following:
- Mozilla Firefox (all platforms), Netscape v7 or higher (all platforms), Camino (Mac OS X), Galeon (Linux GNOME Desktop) or other browser stemming from the Mozilla.org project.
- Opera v7 or higher (Windows, Linux)
- Apple's Safari (Mac OS X)
- Konqueror (Linux KDE Desktop)
- Microsoft Internet Explorer v6 or higher (Windows) or v5 or higher (Macintosh)
(This list is not exhaustive. Internet Explorer was intentionally put last in the list for its notorious number of bugs and lack of support for advanced CSS features.)
-
While a page with a simple layout can be displayed almost identically in all browsers and all versions, this becomes impossible when the layout reaches a certain complexity.
The solution applied by web designers at the time of the war between Internet Explorer 4 and Netscape Navigator 4 had been to develop one version of the site adapted to one browser, and another to the other one. Nowadays, when the W3C standards regained the authority that is rightfully theirs, web designers are discouraged from such practice. Instead, they should ensure the conformity of their pages with the standards, while browser developers are to implement these standards in their applications - that's the beauty of standards!
The problem is in the older browsers, which are no longer developed or supported by their creators. But that is the price to pay as in any evolution. This was the motive behind the Browser Upgrade Campaign, which was most active a few years ago.
It should be pointed out though that for sites in which the separation of content and layout has been fully applied, as it is the case with this site, when the stylesheet is stripped, the site remains perfectly usable in older browsers that do not support CSS. That is why, if you are viewing this site with a non-standards compliant browser, you are seeing a simplified layout that is compatible with all existing browsers, including textual browsers.
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ccbh.ba / ustavnisud.ba v5
Pustio sam u promet novu verziju sajta Ustavnog suda BiH:
Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ustavni sud Bosne i Hercegovine
Biće tu još posla, naročito oko odluka.
Dalji razvoj se može pratiti na posebnom blogu:
ccbh.ba / ustavnisud.ba devlog.
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Function call counting in Matlab
Here’s a neat way to keep track of the cost, i.e. number of function calls in Matlab: rather than using a counter variable and increment it each time a function is called, use the internal Matlab counters, accessible through the FunctionTable struct array.
The loop below is necessary only to get the index of the desired function in the struct array (If you know a better way of looking up a function in FunctionTable, let me know!).
Replace the function name ftest if needed.
profile on % your code comes here % (cost is counted from "profile on" to "profile off") p = profile('info'); for i = 1:size(p.FunctionTable,1) if strcmp(p.FunctionTable(i).FunctionName,'ftest') break end end cost = p.FunctionTable(i).NumCalls; profile off